Supporting prostate cancer focal therapy: a multidisciplinary International Consensus of Experts (“ICE”)

Abstract:

Prostate cancer is a common malignancy among men, and the current screening, imaging and sampling approaches aim to detect early-stage, organ-confined disease. In such scenario, focal prostate cancer therapy currently relies on the index lesion concept as the dominant lesion that drives the disease natural history. Focal therapy demands the essential imaging and sampling techniques to strategically locate and qualify the disease, but, despite advances in technology, prostate imaging and biopsy have several limitations that need to be overcome if focal therapy is to be developed further. The I Prostate Cancer Focal Treatment International Symposium was convened to foster discussion on this topic that sits at the crossroads of multiple disciplines (Urology, Pathology, Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology) all of which were represented for this comprehensive multidisciplinary review of the current literature.     

Theoretical Factors Influencing Adolescent Sexual Behavior: Evidence from a Rural Sample Living in Poverty

ABSTRACT

This study of 414 adolescents who resided in rural Arkansas families receiving AFDC was designed to investigate what theoretical factors predicted frequency of sexual intercourse in the past year prior to the study and number of lifetime sexual partners among males and females. Multivariate analyses indicated that elements of bonding were important to the sexual behavior of females, but not males. On the other hand, feelings of frustration influenced male sexual behavior only. The number of sex partners was increased by associations with sexually active peers for both genders while only females made excuses. The only factor which was associated with both sexual behaviors among both genders was having sex to have a baby to love or to draw a partner closer. The family social work implications of these findings were discussed.     

Woman Abuse and Conjoint Therapy: Therapists' Experiences of Engagement

ABSTRACT

Treatment approaches with couples in which woman abuse is a factor have been the subject of much attention and concern in the therapeutic community. We used focus groups to examine therapists' experiences of what they see as impeding or facilitating their ability to engage therapeutically with heterosexual couples when a man has used violence. Results were coded along four categories: contextual issues, the person of the therapist, client characteristics, and strategies for enhancing engagement. Results point to the difficulties therapist participants experienced engaging with males who have been violent with their partner. Strategies which therapists used to enhance engagement are illuminated. We discuss differences between the experiences of male and female therapists, and implications for clinical work and future research.     

Efficacy of a Group Therapy for Sexually Abused Adolescent Girls

ABSTRACT

The effects of a group therapy program for teenage girls reporting child sexual abuse were evaluated by means of a pretest/post-test design with a control group. The psycho-educational intervention consisted of an average of 20 weekly two-hour meetings. Results of the repeated analyses of variance (ANOVA) revealed a sig-nificant improvement in youth participating in the therapy when compared with the control group on measures of post-traumatic stress, internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, coping strategies, relation- ship with the mother, and sense of empowerment. The findings suggest that the group therapy offered by the Centre d'Intervention en Abus Sexuels pour la Famille (CIASF) was effective in reducing symptoms for sexually abused teenagers.     

论庄周与萨特的存在哲学

庄周与萨特，对人的存在意识与存在方式都曾进行了痛苦而深刻的思考：关于个体孤独、绝对自由、悲观而乐观等命题，都曾是二者为命途多舛的人类生命所作的无奈而悲凉的存在选择，让我们看到东西方哲学家在人类认识世界、把握人生过程中观念思维超越时空的交互与相通。     

马克思早期对人的本质理解方式的变化

马克思早期通过批判利己主义,追求人的自由解放。他分析了政治解放所造成的人的二重化,进而阐明了人们的阶级差别和对立。通过研究政治经济学,马克思用人固有的社会本质来批判以货币为中介的异己交往关系,把自由自觉的劳动作为人的类本质,批判了资本主义的异化劳动,阐明黑格尔哲学中的自我是对利己主义的人的理论抽象。针对青年黑格尔派对人的孤立化理解,马克思强调,利己主义的人处于社会联系中。在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中,马克思从现实的社会实践出发,把人的本质理解为现实社会关系的总和,超越了费尔巴哈的类本质的观点。在《德意志意识形态》中,马克思从既定社会条件下的现实的个人出发,批判了施蒂纳的极端利己主义等,创立了历史唯物主义。     

自由的性质

尽管自由的关系和意义错综复杂,但个人自由构成所有其他自由的基础,也是理解它们的前提。在政治哲学里,个人自由始终就具有政治的意义。而在现代政治共同体之中,个人自由本身就是目的,而不是任何其他目的的手段。因此,现代社会的基本结构和制度的宗旨乃是为个人自由提供最大限度的可靠的空间。法治、民主以及共和的原则是支持和保障自由的方式。不过,随着社会的变迁,个人自由在其个人关系和活动空间的方面也会发生变化。积极自由和消极自由并不是两个问题的,而是同一个问题的不同层面;在政治哲学里,该理论是人们认识个人自由的一种方式。     

惟无乃能大 惟大乃能逍遥——孙嘉淦释庄子逍遥义

清人孙嘉淦在《南华通》中秉持＂惟无乃能大＂、惟大乃能逍遥的宗旨,多方引用儒家经典与新儒家学说,通过＂小者困苦,大者逍遥＂的两相对比,最终得出以＂至人无己＂为＂大之至矣＂的结论。在普遍以＂大＂为逍遥的清代庄学界,孙嘉淦的阐说仍具有一定特色,尤其是他引入理学家关于＂理一分殊＂的观念,从实体存在与观念存在两面来评析庄子的＂至人无己＂,实可谓别开生面。     

文艺意识形态实践的审美规定

在唯物史观的宏观构架下,文艺意识形态实践的一般性主要表现为对于现实生活与经济基础的反作用关系过程。作为一种具有审美规定的意识形态形式,文艺具有一种特殊的实践性质,即审美实践性质。这种实践的审美内涵主要表现为三个方面:个体化的实践对象;形象化的实践方式;情感化的实践效果。这三者共同建构了文艺意识形态的审美实践的结构过程。